Marketing Plan for New Drink - 1832 Words

Assignment 2 Name: jimmy cui Words: 1800 Develop a marketing plan for a new non alcoholic drink A business actually need a plan to develop, especially to a new product is particular important that is pivotal step in developing future marketing. A new non alcoholic drink which named Supa-F (super-fit) is targeting the junior high school or a subgroup market, let us suppose that the new coming juice which is 20% made of vegetables and 10% made of fruits and 70% water. The vegetable contains cabbage, carrot, Apium graveolens and tomato. The fruit contains apple and orange. The reasons why we decide to make the Supa-F (super-fit) are because 1. The young people group in Australia are known that didn’t eat enough vegetables and fruit†¦show more content†¦If government has signed with other trade agreements, our product will enter into overseas market easily. * Economic-The state of the economy in which business operate is determined by four key variables: inflation, unemployment, economic growth and international trade. The rapid growth of the national economy is con tinuing increase in income and consumptive level will help to impel consumer demand always in the fast-growing stage. Our product is also growing faster. * Social-our product is sell to young people, most of them are students so we need to be friendly with them when we propagandize in the social especially the advertisement should be accepted quickly. Sell to overseas the language also our problem. * Technological –The Supa-F is created product so no- skilful in technology. It will effect our sales, we need improve the technology to reduce the cost of product and service. Offer more and more new product to consumers. Established market objectives Our company understand that we have to satisfy the people’s need. Then increase our market share and expend our production. Taking this into account, we come up with following objective for our product: Supa-F 1. At the first year, we hope that let our Super-F take market share form 0% to 5% gradually, and most them know it’s healthy drink. Thought well, next to Increase in advertising investment, strive for taking market share from 5% to 30% in three years. 2. Over two years,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A New Soft Drink1687 Words   |  7 PagesMy coursework is about a new product idea of a new soft drink, a frozen fizzy drink which will be available in a range of exotic flavours. I have conducted both primary and secondary research in order to determine my target market and also what will be popular with potential customers and what I can do to the product to give it an edge over potential competitors. Brief History of Coca Cola -Fanta Fanta is a global brand of fruit-flavoured carbonated soft drinks created by The Coca-Cola Company. ThereRead MoreMarketing Plan for a New Launched Drink in China4003 Words   |  17 PagesMSc EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIC MARKETING ASSIGNMENT NAME: GROUP: Marketing Plan For a New Launched Drink in China * Executive Summary We are a company dealing with beverage business worldwide and we are going to explore new market in China. For this reason, we are going to make a marketing plan for a newly developed drink in the local market. The marketing plan is comprised by 5 parts. After giving brief introduction of the local market, we will make a SWOT analysisRead MoreMarketing Plan Soft Drink Company 1st Half1495 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary The following plan is intended to provide a basic marketing communications plan for a fictitious company. The company in question operates in China and produces soft drinks, particularly adult soft drinks. The information in the plan has been sourced from various textbooks and online research including the National Bureau of Statistics China. It has been found that the company should target the market aged 18 to 44, married, living in urban China, and purchasing for personalRead MoreMarketing Communications Plan For A Fictitious Company1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe following plan is intended to provide a basic marketing communications plan for a fictitious company. The company in question operates in China and produces soft drinks, particularly adult soft drinks. The information in the plan has been sourced from various textbooks and online research including the National Bureau of Statistics China. It has been found that the company should target the market aged 18 to 44, married, living in urban China, and purchasing for personal use. In order to addressRead MoreMarketing1580 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT QUESTION Marketing Plan: Your company has just developed a new sports drink that is in a container which will keep it cool for up to 6 hours.   Write a 3 page paper discussing how you would market the product.   Running Head: COOL CONTAINERS MARKETING PLAN 1 Cool-Containers Marketing Plan COOL-CONTAINERS MARKETING PLAN Read MoreMarketing Strategies For Starbucks Marketing Communication Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages4.2 SMART â€Å"Portable Starbucks† marketing campaign Smart marketing communication also could be defined as per following figure Source www.smartinsights.com The SMART objective details refer to Appendix 1 5 Marketing Communications strategy Marketing strategy refers to the process of carrying out segmentation, positioning and targeting (Kerins, 2009). STP approach for Starbucks marketing communication addressed as following: 5.1 Segmentation It is a process of subdividing a market into buyers’Read MoreMarketing Plan For Coffee Beans1456 Words   |  6 Pagesof the company is linked with trusted customers and producers who considers quality as their utmost choice. The company is currently serving Mediterranean food and now the company is going to launch new products for its customers i.e. coffee beans. The aim of this marketing plan is to market their new business i.e. coffee beans. The company will import coffee beans grown in Brazil and will expand the importation capacity from 6,000 kg per year to 12000 kg per year. With the provision of the coffeeRead MoreMkt421 Marketing Mix Paper1370 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix Paper Brian Morales MKT 421 October 15, 2012 Kim Houseman Marketing Mix Paper Nowadays, for a company to be successful in the business world one must have a good marketing plan to be successful. One way to accomplish a successful business plan is to use something known as the marketing mix or the four P’s of marketing. These four P’s of marketing are known as the product, place, price, and promotion. If one uses these four P’s one will notice that each of these cover their ownRead MoreAnalysis Of The Current Marketing Structure Of A Company, Its Position And Its Future Marketing Strategy1354 Words   |  6 Pages25163567 OUGEC 1530 - PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING ESSAY This essay is to present a thoughtful analysis of the current marketing structure of a company, its position and its future marketing strategy. The aims and objectives are as follows: 1. To look at one product of a company by sensible recommendation of product positioning, targeting and relevant marketing segmentation bases. 2. To describe different strategy the company can used to compete in the marketplace by using Ansoff’s growth matrixRead MorePromotional Strategies : Marketing Mix1228 Words   |  5 PagesPromotional Strategies Promotion is one of the marketing mix elements among a system of five in a promotional plan, known as the five P’s. These elements are personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing and publicity. Objectives: †¢ To initiate a strong awareness of the launch of the new product, V8 Plus, throughout the target market. †¢ Extend our existing line of V8 products. †¢ Maintain and increase relationships with current and future retailers. †¢ Preserve the interest

Progressive Islamic Themes Free Essays

string(113) " outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format \(Husin 2012\)\." Abstract The impact of the Progressive Muslim movement has become a matter of substantial debate. This essay examines the methodology and tenants that put the Progressive movement at odds with the traditional establishment. The evidence presented in this essay illustrates the inclusive and adaptable nature of the Progressive movement which stands at odds with the conservative ranks. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Islamic Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will be of value to any researcher examining the Islamic faith. 1 Introduction As the world continues to grow closer together, the Muslim faith has become a major influence around the globe. The Progressive interpretation of the Islamic religion is gaining ground as well as gathering a substantial amount of debate. This essay will assess the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. Beginning with a brief overview of the Progressive movement this essay will illustrate the currant scenario. Following this section with an examination of the evolving tenants of the approach will demonstrate how this view impacts the modern world. The combination of the first sections will create an illustration of the potential for the Progressive approach to the Muslim faith in the future. In the end, this essay will have examined past practice, modern interpretations and future potential for the Progressive movement of the Muslim faith with the stated goal of developing a better understanding of the approach. 2 Traditional and Progressive Islam There is an emerging trend in the Islamic world of an increasingly Progressive interpretation of traditional Holy aspects of the religion (Benard 2003). As the Islamic religion continues to spread, the traditional interpretation of the Qur’an has changed and increasingly brought into question. This is a departure from the strict adherence to the traditional and more conservative readings of the sacred religious passages (Ibid). As new cultures find value in Islam, their individual and unique understanding of these religious elements continues to grow, which in turn creates the Progressive, or liberal form of Islam. The modern generation has seen a division of interpretation as some factions call for Shari ’a in all facets of life, while others argue for the reinterpretation of long held passages in order to accommodate the needs of the new world (Ichwan 2013). These instances of change are characterized as movements within the larger religion as opposed to schisms (Benard 2003). Others characterize the emerging form of Progressive interpretation as entirely different sect that embodies a separate approach (Ichwan 2013). Yet, many of the elements that the tradition or conservative factions hold sacred are still revered within the evolving infrastructure. A stark difference in the form of interpretation exists between the traditional form of Islam and the Progressive method (Perez, Gue?ye and Yang 2005). The conservative tradition is typical of the literal interpretation of the religious text with heavy emphasis on the male dominated societal structure. In contrast, the Progressive Mus lim has begun to reinterpret the same passages of the Qur’an within the context of independent thought (Ibid). There emerging trend is to tie these works to the modern age rather than adhere to a political and social system that can seem unbalanced in limiting in several respects. Many scholars specify a difference in the liberal and Progressive factions within Islam (Safi 2013). The liberal form of Islam has existed for centuries, and the quest to adapt the faith to the modern times is not a new effort. However, Safi (2013) defines the key difference between the liberals and the Progressive trend as the concrete desire of the Progressive party to find a solution to societal issues that have a direct bearing on the quality of life in today’s world. A hallmark of the liberal Muslim lacks the base characteristic of fundamental transformation that the Progressive faction has been credited with (Ibid). Others contend that the Progressive branch of the Islamic faith is simply an extension of the liberal wing that has been active for generations (Perez et al 2005). The capacity to distinguish the two is only separated by dogma and the interpretation of method. The current Progressive Muslim is an advocate of a balanced and pluralistic society through a positive engagement with Islam (Safi 2013). This pillar is central as the drive to increase the perception of a sense of social justice is a cornerstone of the Muslim faith.With a vision to reach out to even the most entrenched culture, the Progressive Muslim tenants call for the recognition of religious and ethnic pluralism (Perez et al 2005). This inclusive nature is allowing the practice to be accepted in areas and cultures that have longed shunned any form of the Muslim tradition. Progressive Islam is a departure from the traditional, yet, includes many of the sacred elements favoured by the conservatives. 2.1 In Summary The traditional ranks of Islam commonly regard the reinterpretation of the Holy works as a mistake. Further, the movement to re-examine every element of the religion has sparked outrage in some instances. Yet, the increasingly inclusive nature of the Progressive Islamic traditions allows many new people to experience the faith every day. 3 Progressive Islam There are several social and political issues that the Progressive faction of Islam has sought to reconcile with the modern world (Yilmaz 2008). The sect has defined themselves as possessing humanist interests assisting the downtrodden. Safi (2013:2) describes the Progressive Muslim as being advocate for those that through no fault of their own, have found themselves in perpetual poverty, oppression, pollution and general marginalization. The Progressive Muslim sees an opportunity to open the doors to new cultures and followers by finding a solution to many of the troubling social issues of the era. The Muslim Progressive movement utilizes a very strong tradition of social justice that is at the heart of the Islam religion (Benard 2003). These traditions stem from the Qur’an and the hadith as well as several of the emerging Islamic scholars including Shari’ati (Ibid). A hallmark of these Progressive teachings is that the teacher employs sources from outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format (Husin 2012). You read "Progressive Islamic Themes" in category "Essay examples" Several of the external elements are drawn from Gustavo Gutierrez as well as humanism sources, which combine to call for ‘witnesses for God in Justice’ (Safi 2013:2). There is the perception of a shift away from the previous generations of Progressive Muslims in that there is a strong undercurrent of engagement in the movement. A central tenant of the Progressive movement is the need to reach out to those that have not traditionall y been a part of the Islamic tradition (Ma?rtensson, Bailey, Ringrose and Dyrendal 2011). Safi (2013) describes the Progressive Muslim as a person that holds the transformative interpretation of the Muslim Faith that says that every human, female or male, non-Muslim or Muslim, poor or rich has exactly the same value in the eyes of God. This is a departure from the once held view of separatism from the rest of the world that Islam once held. Further, the Progressive Muslim is expected to engage with the full range of material (Martensson et al 2011). No longer is any debate off limits or beyond the norm. This is a critical step in the drive to provide an inclusive infrastructure for the wider acceptance of the religion. Eshlkevari (2013) argues that the Progressive Muslim is marked by the need to experience the separate interpretations of Islam in order to fully understand the meanings of each unique practice. Eshlkevari (2013) illustrates the concept that the Progressive Muslim has the belief that it is time to translate the Islamic social teachings in such a manner that encompasses the needs of the modern generation. There is an emergence of a trend for the Progressive Muslim to actively reach out to their poor neighbors in an effort to provide sustenance as demonstrated by the Prophet. This argument is further cemented by the Progressive Muslim belief that the Muslim community cannot achieve true justice without recognizing that the female members of their culture have the same consideration as the male members (Eshlkevari 2013). This perception of building gender equality is a hallmark of the Progressive movement, the effort to balance and meet the needs of the entire population and not just a fraction of it. Many Progressive Muslims measure progression by the gender free implementation of justice within their society (Ibid). This effort adds to the methods capacity to attract such a wide range of adherents in the modern age. The Progressive Muslim associates women’s rights with basic human rights (Safi 2103). This is a fundamental shift away from the previous interpretations of the Islamic faith. A singular facet of the Progressive Muslim movement is the effort to seek out pluralism, inside and outside of the umma, or the Muslim religious community (M and Avilli 2003). It is the appreciation of the wider availability of knowledge and truth that allows the Progressive Muslim movement to grow beyond the traditional limitations. Further, the approach seeks to do more than simply engage with faiths and considerations not their own, there is a real need to fully experience true engagement that allows for the identification of both the similarities and the basic differences between the Muslim faith and others (Ibid). This effort to reach beyond the threshold of tolerance and enter into a true conversation that allows for growth is the criteria that the Progressive Muslim seeks to meet. Progressive Muslims are taking advantage of technology in order to not only communicate but share ideas and beliefs (Eshkevari 2013). This is direct integration of the basic tenants of the Islamic faith and the emerging opportunities of the modern era. Safi (2003) describes the basic and central tenants that connect the Progressive Muslim society together: A) A new approach to the old scriptures. There needs be a full reinterpretation of the traditional texts in an effort to fit them into modern life. B) There must an open acceptance of modern culture, including customs and common practices. The often rigid expression of the Islamic society should be reexamined in order to achieve the best result. C) The interpretation of the Holy works must be an individual experience, and not strictly regulated by those in power. D) The unique and individual sense of right and wrong must not only be developed but utilized in a day to day effort to make life better. E) Complete and unbiased gender equality must exist. This is a tenant that is necessary to fully address the social and cultural needs of the current generation. These principles have served to set the Progressive movement apart from the more traditional interpretation of the Islam tradition (Safi 2013).With each new interpretation of traditional scripture, the Progressive movement has a hallmark of inclusive, nonviolent action. 3.1 In summary The Progressive Muslim is marked by the clear preference for gender equality in all things. Indicative of this mind-set, the Progressive approach is also heralded by the inclusion of outside knowledge and wisdom into the traditionally closed debates. Further, this extension of equality reaches down into every element of Islamic life. Perhaps, the starkest shift away from the traditional Islam comes in the expectation of independent thought and evolution in the worship of God. No longer is it acceptable to simply and blindly follow a leader, the Progressive Muslim thinks and acts for themselves, in a just and open manner. 4 Future Potential Safi (2003) cites many areas of potential conflict over the course of the developing era for the Progressive Muslim movement. With the reinterpretation of the religious pillars of Islam, will be the resistance from the conservative members of the faith. Others see this as the natural evolution of Islam (Benard 2003). Many of the most prominent and influential authorities within the Muslim world speak to the need for the further development and evolution of the faith so as to address pressing common issues (Mandaville 2013).In order to fully realize the potential inherent in the Progressive Muslim movement, there must be a full acceptance of the path forward through the inclusion of all elements, genders and faiths. A primary area of concern as the Progressive movement goes forward will be the development of gender equality and the capacity to be judged without reference to gender by Islamic law (Benard 2003). Beginning by allowing women the basic human rights and ensuring that these are sustained will enable the Islamic outreach to impact a tremendous amount of females around the world. Further, this drive towards basic gender equality feeds into the Progressive components of ascribing human rights to all of humanity (M et al 2003). A critical element of the Progressive Muslim movement will rest on the capacity to not only enforce this pillar but recognize this within every culture. In many cases traditional bias and prejudice due to colour, sex or other element has driven a wedge in the effort to effectively reach out and communicate with new populations (Mandaville 2013). In line with this development of human rights, equality among the genders is the increase of rights for the women in general (Mandaville 2013). Progressive Muslims are increasingly at odds with the traditional interpretation of Islamic law in that it allows the male many privileges over the female. Further, this view holds that not only should women be allowed an active role in society, but the female should be active in politics and guiding the nations (Ibid). These are fundamental differences form the conservative Muslim that sees the women as being subject to the male in nearly every aspect. Moving from the realm of feminism into the politics, the view held by the common Progressive Muslim that religion should be separate from the faith is a stark departure from past actions and interpretations (Safi 2003). Traditional views have argued for the religious establishment having firm influence over the entire political establishment. Yet, this system can lead to the perception of c orruption and less tolerance of competing viewpoints (Benard 2003). Others see this as the surest way to safeguard the integrity of the judicial system (Mandaville 2003). In the drive to provide an inclusive setting the Islamic Progressive movement, must have the perception of honesty and integrity in all things. As these initial tenants indicate, the view of the Progressive Muslim on violence and the utilization of force to achieve goals are as a negative interpretation of Islam (Safi 2003). There is a determined effort in the developing movement to diminish not only the expectation of violence but the use of the tactic in any form. As this form of tolerance is added to their basic human rights efforts, the potential for the Progressive Muslim to not only reach out but connect with many nations continues to grow. 4.1 In summary The potential for the Progressive Muslim movement to connect to the world will continue to grow in relation to the capacity to be inclusive. With the presence of the pillars of gender equality, political Progressiveness and overall tolerance there is a real sense of movement and potential in the Islamic world. Alongside the drive to be inclusive the Progressive Muslim movement could reap equal reward as good intentions continue to build. 5 Conclusion This essay has assessed the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. The evidence presented has illustrated interesting aspects of the Progressive Muslim movement. With an overriding drive to be inclusive the emerging Islam is making a fundamental effort to reach out to populations around the world and bring them the tenants of faith. This general inclusiveness is built around a growing sense of equality of every person in every manner. The departure away from the traditional interpretations of the Holy works is leading to recognition of further value to be found in the ranks of the women around them. Accompanying the general openness of the Progressive Muslim, the departure away from the religious establishment having full control of the political establishment is building. This is a fact that serves to promote the tenant of equality, by creating a judicial system that does not recognize nor function on the premise of gender. This fundamental departure from tradition could be a turning point for many Islamic women and culture in general. With the turning away from violence and the embracing of the nonviolent, the Progressive Muslim is stepping away from the perception of fear and confrontation that has served to define Islam throughout modern memory. Much like any religion of note, Islam is in a constant state of evolution, lending the faith the depth and credibility to serve the modern age. With the growing recognition of equal value and potential regardless of gender, the Progressive Muslim movement marks a new chapter in the drive to bring the world together. In the end it will not be one movement or reinterpretation that serves to bind the world closer, but the acceptance and tolerance of each and every faith that illustrates how close we already are. 6. References Benard, C. 2003. Civil democratic Islam. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, National Security Research Division. Carrese, H. and Carrase, D. 2011. Islamic Renaissance: Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey. Eshkevari, H. Y., Mir-Hosseini, Z. and Tapper, R. 2006. Islam and democracy in Iran. London: I. B. Tauris. Gulen, F., Movement, G. and Roads, H. 2008. Beyond Post-Islamism: A Critical Analysis of the Turkish Islamism’s Transformation toward Fethullah G†ulen’s Stateless Cosmopolitan Islam. Haddad, Y. Y. 2011. Becoming American?. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press. Husin, A. 2013. Educating for Islamic Pluralism: Lessons from Indonesia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 1 (1). Ichwan, M. N. 2013. Alternatives to Shariatism: Progressive Muslim Intellectuals, Feminists, Queers and Sufis in Contemporary Aceh. Regime change, Democracy and Islam the case of Indonesia p. 137. M and Avilli, P. 2003. What does Progressive Islam look like?. ISIM Newsletter, 12 p. 34. Ma?rtensson, U., Bailey, J., Ringrose, P. and Dyrendal, A. 2011. Fundamentalism in the Modern World, Vol 1. I.B. Tauris. Perez, A. F., Gue?ye, S. P. and Yang, F. 2005. Civil society as democratic practice. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Safi, O. 2003. Progressive Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld. Safi, O. 2003. What is Progressive Islam?. ISIM Newsletter, 13 p. 48. How to cite Progressive Islamic Themes, Essay examples

Diversification as Growth Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Diversification as Growth Strategy. Answer: Introduction: It would be correct to say that diversification is one the key corporate strategy to enter a new market. It is believed that diversification strategy is one of the most risky parts of Ansoff market. There are four key parts of Ansoff matrix (Selby, 2015). These four parts are the four strategies to enter a new market. The diversification strategy is used when the firms would launch the new products in the new market. The key part of the differentiation strategy is that both markets and products are new. In the diversification strategy business has no experience in the new market and does not know if the product is going to be successful. Generally the company would use the diversification strategy when it has the funding to take risks and manage the operations in the new market. It is important that the diversification strategies should be aligned well with the mission and vision of the organization. It would be correct to say that diversification strategy is one of the key growth st rategies for organizations. The example of organizations that exhibits diversification strategies can be discussed as: Example: Unilever is a global conglomerate that operates in almost every part of the world. Last year, the company launched a night cream in the Malaysian market (Ardito Ernst, 2015). This is an example of diversification strategy. Example: Toyota is an established automobile player. In the year 2010, the company launched a new car in Bangladesh. It was a new car from Toyota in Bangladesh. This is also an example of diversification strategy. References Ardito, L., Ernst, H. and Petruzzelli, A.M., 2015, January. Technology characteristics, firms diversification strategies, and new product introduction. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 10389). Academy of Management. Selby, J.T., 2015. On the Relationship Between Product Diversification and Firm Performance.

The Childrens Crusade Essay Example

The Childrens Crusade Paper James Millette Ms. Kelzer World History 11/28/11 By June, 1212 about 30,000 kids under the age of twelve had showed up to support and go on the journey to capture back the holy land. (Kreis, Steven) Even wealthy children had snuck outside of their families to join. The children’s crusade seemed like it would be successful and had good intention, but had a huge lack of sense of leadership and planning. He had led him and his army into a dispute against all factors of nature. At him being so young of age, that had also caught up with him. It has been said that the children’s crusade was a set up to try and shame the king and his army to go and fight for the holy land. The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem. The Crusades were originally started in response to a call from the leaders of the Byzantine Empire for help to fight Muslim Turks expanding into Anatolia, these Turks had cut off access to Jerusalem. The main series of Crusades occurred between 1095 and 1291. We will write a custom essay sample on The Childrens Crusade specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Childrens Crusade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Childrens Crusade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This Holy Land was extremely important to Christians because it was where Jesus Christ had lived. The church had taken the process a step further, claiming crusading as doing a sort of deed to God for sins that had been done. This created a desire to fight for Christianity, and a motivation that kept Western Europe in tact, causing thousands of ordinary people to join the cause. The origin of the Children’s Crusade however, was from the increase of religious feeling among the peasants and laymen. Mobs of children, who belonged to religious communities and carried the belief of recovering Jerusalemm had assembled. A boy named Stephen, who was twelve years old and was from Cloyes in the Orleannais. He was born out of a poor family, which was neglected in their town. He supposedly had come upon Christ while he was sleeping and was ordered to give a letter to the king and also preach the crusade. The king had turned him down, but Stephen began to go across town and he preached. His letter had told his followers that crossing obstacles like the sea would be easy for them: it said that the waterways would part and let them cross through. According to the church, this crusade wasn’t really a crusade because they weren’t blessed by a pope. The church believed they couldn’t bless if a crusade was bound to fail, but they thought that by sending these kids would put shame on the popes and make them actually put together a crusade and capture Jerusalem. The amount of inspiration Stephen had towards his religion was immeasurable. He had gone and preached promoting the crusade against Muslims of the east of Spain and had been turned down by nearly everyone who he had come across. After he had received the letter from Jesus he arrived at the entrance of Abbey of Saint-Dennis and had announced that he would lead an â€Å"army† of children to rescue the holy land. In the summer of 1212 three armies of children, each more than thirty thousand strong, setout from France and Germany, to walk to Jerusalem and rescue the Holy Sepulchre from the armies of Muslims. The leaders were children, boys only twelve or thirteen years old; they preached in churches, at shrines, and on highways. Now, this was an act that took major amounts of courage but children cannot lead other children and Stephen being only twelve years old, he wasn’t ready to lead either. When it comes to leadership, Stephen lacked highly in it as a whole. Mostly all of his army had set on foot and Stephen had designed a cart for himself. At his sides were several boys on horseback who were from richer families and could afford these things. It wasn’t fair to the other 30,000 kids that had to suffer on foot. Money distribution had become a huge issue. There was no money to buy food or water or any means of transportation anywhere. Stephen had also made his army believe that the sea would spread for them and they would be able to cross, none of this happened. A few days later, two merchants, Hugh the Iron and William the Pig, confronted Stephen with a deal. They offered to provide seven ships, to the mass of children, free of charge. All of the boys and girls boarded their ships and set out to Palestine. It took about 18 years until the story of the tragedy had been talked about The fact that Stephen was only twelve years old and had come from a poor peasant family really had an effect on his sense of power. It seemed as though people didn’t respect him. On top of that he didn’t know how to read nor write, he was in a way looked at as a fool even at such a young age. It was wrong for the king to even let him step foot out on his own. The morals of the king were that he would shame his own army into fighting the crusades, but this didn’t work and the king had sacrificed 30,000 other children’s lives. When there is a mass population of kids, disease also comes into play. As the journey went on, many kids became diseased and those diseases had carried to both the kids and the towns that they had traveled through. Before reaching the sea, over half of the army had either died from disease, starvation or heat exhaustion. This was considered a very painful journey, some kids had wandered off to seek food or just to go home. Since Stephen didn’t know how to read, for days even weeks the children wouldn’t hear from anyone and they had come across towns out of luck. Once reaching the city of Marseilles, they were kindly greeted and were given rooms to sleep in. Now these rooms were only given to the more wealthy, most of them stayed out on the streets and scavenged whatever food they could find. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. †¢ The Childrens Crusade. History Learning Site. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. †¢ Children’s and Shepherds’ Crusades: Were the Children’s and Shepherds’ Crusades Class Protests of the Poor Against the Wealthy? History in Dispute. Ed. Mark T. Abate. Vol. 10: The Crusades, 1095-1291. Detroit: St. James Press , 2003. 32-39. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. †¢ Kreis, Steven. The Childrens Crusades (1212). The History Guide Main. Web. 11 Nov. 2011 †¢

Racial and ethnic inequalities as a social problem

Racial and ethnic inequalities as a social problem There has been a raging debate about the definitions of a social condition and a social problem. Some researchers have also likened these two concepts despite the distinction between the two concepts. A social condition is a condition regarded by some people as bad while a social problem is a condition viewed by everyone as bad.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racial and ethnic inequalities as a social problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leon-Guerrero defines a social problem as â€Å"a social condition or pattern of behavior that has negative consequences for individuals, our social world, or our physical world† (8). Race and ethnicity is among the major social conditions that exist in the contemporary society. It occurs as a result of increased international migrations across the continents and intermarriages between different communities in the world. Leon-Guerrero outlines two perspectives of defining of race namely the biological and the sociological perspectives. Race from a biological point of view is defined as a group or population that shares a set of genetic characteristics and physical features such as religion, skin color or species. However, sociologists such as Michael Omi an Howard Winant regard race as a concept signifying and symbolizing social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies (Leon-Guerrero 67). Racism is the belief by individuals that certain racial or ethnic groups are inferior and that discriminatory practices against them are justified (Leon-Guerrero 70). Discriminatory practices can be classified as individual or institutional. Individual discrimination includes actions against minority members by individuals whereas institutional discrimination is practiced by the government, social institutions and organizations and it includes segregation, exclusion or expulsion. Racial and ethnic inequalities affect an individual and the society in different ways including the socioeconomic position of an individual or of the society. Income and wealth of an individual is determined by the social class to which he or she belongs. In the United States, the measure of income and wealth is home ownership since it enables families to invest in their future. After the Second World War, the rate of White middle-class home ownership grew steadily as compared to the Blacks and other minority groups who were denied access to home ownership through discrimination and low income. A research by Hudson et al also suggests that â€Å"it is possible that experiences of racial discrimination could, in part, diminish the effects of increased socioeconomic position among African American men† (134). The racial and ethnic inequalities also determine the type of education that various individuals in the society would like the children to have. Gagnà © and Tewksbury, as quoted by Leon-Guerrero, argue that â€Å"schools hav e become economically segregated, with the children of middle or upper class families attending predominantly White suburban schools and the children of poorer parents attending racially mixed urban schools† (79). Thus it is evident that racial and ethnic inequalities have an indirect impact on the family income and wealth which in turn dictates the education system that their children would undergo.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Racial and ethnic inequalities have a profound impact on the health of an individual or the society at large. Leon-Guerrero quotes Gabard and Cooper who argue that â€Å"although race may be a social construct, it produces profound biological manifestations through stress, decreased services, decreased medications, and decreased hospital procedures† (80). The health institutions have put in place a system that discriminates agai nst the racial and ethnic minority group members. Some researchers have gone further to specify how discrimination is related to health. After an analysis and comparison of the relationship between racial discrimination and health-related outcomes, Benjamins argues that â€Å"discrimination was most strongly related to depression and was less consistently associated with physical health and health behaviors† (16). Racial and ethnic inequalities also have consequences on individuals who leave their country of origin to move to another. The security systems always target immigrants of ethnic and racial minority and they are associated with crime since they are believed to be illegal immigrants. The history of social problems is identified through a subjective process according to Malcom Spector and John Kituse who outline four stages of the subjective process (Leon-Guerrero 12). The first stage, which is defined as the transformation process, involves taking a private or person al problem and transforming it into a public issue. The transformation is done by an influential group, activists or advocates who call attention to and define an issue as a social problem. The second stage is known as the legitimization process which is concerned with formalizing the manner in which the social problems or complaints generated by the problem are handled. This process involves creation and implementation of policies to respond to the social problem. The third stage is the conflict stage that involves readjustment of the formal response system, renegotiation of procedures, reforming practices and engaging in administrative or organizational restructuring. The fourth and final stage begins when groups believe that they can no longer work within the established system. Advocates or activists of the social problem are faced with two options which are either to radically change the existing system or to work outside the system (Leon-Guerrero 12). Most social problems in a community, society, or a global social system are caused by the inequality in the distribution of resources. Some individuals or organizations in the community have more income, power and prestige than others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racial and ethnic inequalities as a social problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This group of people develops vested interests in maintaining or even increasing their resources and therefore they come up with laws, ideologies, customs and informal norms which are viewed as legitimate by the whole society. As a result, they are able to maintain and control the available resources and block other low class individuals who may want to rise up the ranks. This yields frustration on the part of the majority low class individuals who must struggle to access the resources thus creating conflict. Leon-Guerrero explains that â€Å"conflict theorists focus on how the dynamics of raci al and ethnic relations divide groups while maintaining a dominant group defined by ethnic and racial categories or social class† (71). Marxist theorists argue that immigrants form a backup labor force that performs jobs that native workers no longer perform. This group of individuals provides a cheaper labor source that easily secures employment during economic growth and easily lay off during economic recessions. Conflict develops when higher paid native workers struggle to prevent importation of cheaper nonnative labor so as to maintain their advantage in the labor market. According to Edna Bonacich’s theory of antagonism, â€Å"the presence of a cheaper labor group threatens the jobs of higher paid workers and the standard for wages in all jobs. Under these conditions, the two groups of laborers remain in conflict with each other while the interests of capitalist business owners are maintained† (Leon-Guerrero 72). Benjamins, Maureen R. Comparing Measures of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Coping, and Associations with Health-related Outcomes in a Diverse Sample. Journal of Urban Health (2013): 1-17. Print. Hudson, Darrell L., et al. Are Benefits Conferred with Greater Socioeconomic Position Undermined by Racial Discrimination among African American Men? Journal of Mens Health 9.2 (2012): 127-136. Print. Leon-Guerrero, Anna. Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social Action. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2011. Print.

The Weather - English Vocabulary in Examples

The Weather s Here are words used to describe the weather from stormy days to beautiful sunny days on the beach. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning. Speaking about the weather is often considered important for small talk, and used to make predictions about the weather.   The Weather - Describing the Weather (Adjectives) The following are all words that are often used to describe the weather: breezy - Its very breezy today. I think its a northern wind.bright - They got married on a bright, sunny day in June.clear - Wait till the weather is clear to take a bike ride.cloudy - Some people prefer to hike when its cloudy rather than when its sunny.damp - I hate damp, cold days when I cant warm up.drizzly - The weather is rather drizzly today. You should take a rain jacket.dry - Next week will be hot and dry.dull - The weather is dull this week. I wish it would rain.foggy - The foggy bay can be dangerous if you arent careful.hazy - Its so hazy today that I cant see any of the mountains.rainy - The weather in Portland is often rainy.showery - Spring weather often features showery days followed by a few days of sunshine.snowy - If you are a skier, youll be happy to know that it will be snowy next week.stormy - The stormy weather put him into a foul mood.sunny - I want to go anywhere thats sunny and mild.wet - Winter is usually very wet in the Northwest.   The Weather - Nouns breeze - Theres a gentle breeze blowing today.cloud - Do you see that cloud that looks like a cow?drizzle - When will this steady drizzle stop?!fog - Theres a thick fog on the bay this morning.hailstone - The hailstone broke the window.haze - The haze is very thick in the air today. Maybe theres a fire in the hills.lightning - The lightning frighted the children as it flashed.rain - We expect more than four inches of rain on Saturday.raindrop - The raindrop ran down her cheek.rainfall - The rainfall thundered on the roof.shower - We had quite a shower this morning. Im still wet!snow - Taking a walk in the snow is very peaceful.snowfall - The snowfall continued through the night.snowflake - Did you know that every snowflake is unique?storm - The storm raged for three days and left ten dead,sun - Without the sun, we have no life.sunshine - The sunshine shone through the window.thunder - The loud thunder could be heard for miles.wind - The wind blew 40 miles per hour. The Weather - The Temperature (Adjectives) chilly - Its very chilly this morning.cold - Take your jacket. Its cold out!freezing  - Im going to wear gloves as its freezing.hot - I like hot, lazy days on the beach.mild - Its best to go hiking in mild weather thats not too hot.scorching - Its scorching in the dessert. Be careful.warm - Its a beautiful, warm afternoon.   The Weather - Verbs glow - The sun glowed as it set in the west.freeze - The rain might freeze on the trees tonight.hail - It hailed so hard it looked like snow.pour - The rain poured for three days.rain - Its raining outside.shine - The sun shone through the trees.snow - It snowed three inches last night.   The Weather - Idioms As right as rain Everything is OK, or good in a situation / I feel as right as rain today. Itll be a good day.Be a breeze Be easy, no problems / Dont worry about the test. Itll be a breeze.  Be on cloud nine be extremely happy or even ecstatic /  He was on cloud nine after he met her.  Break the ice begin a conversation / Ill break the ice by introducing myself.The calm before the storm A period of uneasy stillness before something bad happens / It feels like the calm before the storm. I hope hes not too angry.Come rain or shine Something will happen despite any problems /  Were going to play baseball come rain or shine.  It never rains, but it pours Bad news or problems tend to come together in large groups / When you have problems it feels like it never rains, but it pours.

Adult Education Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adult Education Organizations - Essay Example The research outlines some of the criteria for changes where most of them focus on the effectiveness of the prevailing leadership style. According to the article, change occurs for various reasons. For instance, in education, organizations or learning institutions may be looking for alternative means to improve the quality and strengthen their reputation. However, the study also recommends that a successful change initiation depends on certain criteria that lay the basis for the transformation of all organizations. One of the criteria for leading change is open communication that results in effective coordination between the staff and executive management. Nonetheless, the article suggests that the inclusion of people in the early stages of the decision-making process is also necessary for leading change. Another important criterion for effecting change is creating an environment that motivates the staff to accept the change. From the above criteria, it is evident that one of the met hods for initiating change in the educational sector is creating enthusiasm among the staff to accept the transformation. Creating enthusiasm is a way of motivating the staff to accept the changes. Another important method for implementing change is training the staff on important aspects of change management and initiation. The training focuses on equipping staff with the right knowledge on effective change management and implementation. The article strongly emphasizes on leadership as the primary determinant of change initiation and implementation.

Marriage equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marriage equality - Essay Example Marriage equality is a term that has been developed in the contemporary society to refer to same-sex marriage. In spite of the term appearing obnoxious, it has become difficult to define equality in marriage. The traditional meaning of equality depended on the natural act, which is the marriage between a man and a woman. â€Å"Equality and gay peoples’ rights spite the notion of procreation†. In such cases, equity was viewed as a process of recognizing the rights of both spouses in a relationship. In fact, it dealt with the development of understanding of the limits between violation and acceptance. However, the changes in morality and social development have led to serious challenges in the definition of marriage equality. Equality in controversial marriages such as gay and lesbian marriage is a challenge to the society. The use of terms such as straight to define heterosexual individuals is a product of the need to identify the gay or up-right people in the society. T he development of the diverse range of terms in explaining the new social development led to the creation of the term â€Å"marriage equality†. Therefore, when addressing marriage equality, it is vital to understand the various issues associated with the current term and the reasons for its development. Consequently, marriage equality is fundamentally a new term based on the cultural change witnessed in the world. The original meaning of the terms has been changed significantly because of the growing use of the term to mean new concepts in a marriage relationship (Wolfson 45). In fact, the new term has rendered the traditional term null or void based on the wide acceptance of the new meaning. The cultural meaning of the word is simple and easily understood, but with the current changes the world is becoming complex to understand such as the current terms like bootylicious and equality. Definition of marriage equality Marriage equality is defined as same-sex marriage that is l egally recognized in the society as the marriage between mature or adult persons. The major question posed by the proponents of the idea is based on the protection of human rights that is protected fundamentally by the constitution. The bill or rights stipulate the major issues that must be addressed in the protection of human freedom. Based on these freedoms including the freedom of association, it becomes challenging when defining marriage equality. Equality in marriage and marriage equality in the contemporary society means two different things today (Wolfson 73). Equality in marriage is the protection of the rights of individuals in marriage while marriage equality is the struggle to accept the new set of marriage partners resulting from homosexual and lesbian relationship in the society. In fact, the push for recognition has led to serious challenge in the society because of the resistance posed by conservatives. Despite the challenges in defining the term, it is widely accepte d culturally to mean the relationship between same-sex partners and their intention to live together has a couple. Equality and protection Marriage Equality relates to the protection of the choices made by the gay and lesbian individuals in the society. The protection against marriage discrimination and reduction of stigma associated with same sex marriage. The definition of marriage equality has changed significantly based on the acceptance of the new meaning, which is slightly different from traditional meaning. The new meaning has overshadowed the traditional meaning associated with the term (Wolfson 89). Marriage equality is a broad term in the contemporary society based on the understanding of the society. Language change is implemented by individuals in the society who lead to increased usage of the term. The actual meaning of equality in marriage is not clearly defined in the contemporary society based on the new meanings develop. The development of new terms illustrates the power of dynamic reasoning in the world,

LVMH’s company Essay Example for Free

LVMH’s company Essay Strengths LVMH has a strong brand positioning meaning that the company strongly placed itself as a leader in the luxury sector. The company offers more than 60 brands of high value perception and identity to their customers. Due to high customer loyalty, image of their brands and value perception those brands are less affected by economic cycles. Most evidently, LVMH expressed resilience against the economic conditions specifically in 2009 and 2008. This is an indicator that the strength of their brands enables their revenues to sustain growth even through touch economic situations. This is due to their huge customer base across the globe accompanied by their loyalty; thus, making their penetration to new markets with quick. The associations of LVMH with celebrities and major events have enabled them to enhance their luxury positioning. For example, Charlize Theron represents the J’adore perfume by Dior, while Moet Chandon positioned their communications platform to events like the Oscars and the Golden Globe. Those marketing strategies were aimed in order to increase their brand visibility and recall. Moreover, their customers are targeted successfully through enhancing their brands images. All in all, those associations would eventually augment the luxury and its value that LVMH aims at building. Weaknesses A shortcoming in LVMH’s company is their limited presence in the retail division. This means that the company is highly dependant on sales to retailers. This in turn has caused the company’s luxury goods vulnerable to destocking by their retailers in order to avoid losses. Most evidently, the wines, jewelry, and watches departments were highly affected negatively by the retailers destocking. Therefore, this has made LVMH’s revenues in danger of destocking made by retailers. There is also a weakness evident in the conflict of interest within the company, where LVMH would be categorized into two major segments: fashion vs. liquor markets. However, the company’s broad acquisition of the art  auction market Pury Luxemborg has been questioned due to some criticism that it adds more burden to LVMH. This is yet another criteria to the conflict of interest believed to be internally dealt within the company. Opportunities The luxury market is believed to be a growing market in the emerging economies. The growing high net worth individuals (HNWI) in a lot of countries across the globe is an indicator that the sales of luxury products are estimated to increase. In effect, LVMH has been focusing in increasing their investment in emerging countries, such as the Middle East, in their hopes that higher growth rates will be evident. Moreover, LVMH was able to assess the trends in those markets specifically in Asia’s market in order to succesfully penetrate them. Hence, the growth of the HNWI’s wealth accompanied by the structure of investments to reach to a broader customer base would intensify and diversify LVMH’s revenue flow. LVMH owes a great deal of their market share to their products on women’s accessories. This would include their brands in handbags, jewelry, and watches amongst many others. Although the fashion accessories has seen a downfall during 2009; nevertheless, it is hinting that it is uprising to a recovery into growth since 2010. Most notably, women handbags were the most notable in the accessories market growth inversely reacting to the market’s decrease during the same time. Those leather goods have been a great indicator in both the men and women’s categories in the market share that there is a high growth of sales and revenue. Even if key markets have been experiencing low growth due to the economic collapse and recovery, the accessories market proves as an opportunity to LVMH for growth. Selective retailing provides an opportunity to LVMH in one of the most growing markets in the world: China. Even though selective retailing has seen a decline in growth due to restrictions in spending due to less amount of travelers; however, China tourism is predicted to show a robust expansion. The economic liberalization; as well as, the constant development and transformation in China boosted their tourism industry. Some indicators  have been predicting that China would be a leading tourism destination by 2020. Therefore, LVMH has been focused on launching its selective retailing in China in order to take an advantageous stance from this growing tourism in terms of revenue.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Gatsby is written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Nick Carraway is a neutral character and narrates this novel. He witnesses most of the interactions between the characters, yet states only what happens and not just his opinion. Nick moves from the mid-west to Long Island. Jay Gatsby lives next door to Nick in the East Egg. He lives in a mansion, which he bought with the money he made by being involved in organized crime. He lives across from Tom and Daisy. Daisy used to go out with Jay but she broke up with him because he could not support her lifestyle. While Tom is having an affair with another woman, Myrtle, Jay and Daisy have one. Tom gets bored with his affair and decides to stop Jay and Daisy’s. While Tom and Daisy are driving in car, Daisy hits Myrtle, yet Tom says it was Jay. Myrtle’s husband gets furious, kills Jay and then himself. Fitzgerald uses this book to tell Americans not to try to make dreams reality by corruption. To gain money by illegal sources is not the way to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. Nick lives next to a mansion, which belongs to Jay Gatsby and becomes friends with him. Jay turns out to still like Daisy, who is Nick’s second cousin. Before Jay was sent to the army, he and Daisy were together. Yet because of Jay’s lack of money, Daisy broke up with him. Through his friend Meyer Wolfsheim, who fixed the World Series in 1919 and involved in organized crime, he gained his fortune. When he returned, Daisy had already been married to another wealthy person, Tom Buchanan. Nick arranges for the two of them to meet, and they have an affair. Tom, who is also having an affair with a married woman, Myrtle, confronts Daisy and Jay, and Daisy is forced to return to Tom. As Daisy and Gatsby are driving, they run over and kill Myrtle Wilson, Tom’s mistress. Tom lies to Mr. Wilson, and tells him that Gatsby was the driver, when actually, Daisy was driving. Wilson shoots Gatsby at his home afterwards and then commits suicide. Nick is disappointed with the life , which he planned for in New York and decides to go back to his hometown in the mid-west. The Great Gatsby took place during the Roaring Twenty’s. Nick graduated from New Haven in 1915 and â€Å"I came East, permanently, I thought, in the spring of twenty-two.

Enders Shadow Book Report Essay

Bean- Main Character, Protaganist: A homeless boy on the streets of Rotterdam that uses his intelligence to keep him alive, and eventually earn him a spot on the ranks of Battle School. Andrew â€Å"Ender† Wiggin- Another boy recruited to Battle School, a lot like bean, small, and extremely smart. Is Beans mentor and example as he goes through Battle School. Poke: A nine year old girl, that also lives on streets of Rotterdam. Takes Bean into her family and gives him a chance. She is one of the main reasons for Beans survival. Sergeant; Pokes right hand man. He is eight years old. He knows Achilles killed Poke but doesn’t tell anyone and then sides with Achilles. Achilles: A bully of Rotterdam, has a bad leg, is jumped and forced to join Pokes family for protection. It was Beans plan that got Achilles into the family. Helga: An advisor in the kitchen of Rotterdam, supervises the lines outside. When Achilles brings his family to the kitchen she has compassion and immediately lets them to the front of the line. She changes the rules so that any older child that has and cares for younger children will always eat first. Nikolai Delphiki: Enders twin brother, he helps Enders in Battle School and is one of the few people he can trust. Sister Carlotta: is the woman who recruited Bean to Battle School and saw his intelligence and recognized it. Petra Arkanian: takes Bean under her wing when he is first assigned to Salamander Army, while Bonzo, the commander, refuses to teach him anything. Bonzo Madrid: Bonzo is an enemy of Enders. Colonel Graff: the head advisor of Battle School. Islolates Bean to make him learn to survive and strengthen him. Dimak:The man who questions Bean when he first gets on the shuttle, lets everyone know he is smarter than them. Mexican Janitor: Finds Bean in the Toilet in the orphanage. Dr. Volescu: Beans father This story starts out with Bean at age 7 attempting to survive on the streets of Rotterdam. He is very small for his age but extremely smart. There are a lot of little groups of homeless children on the streets of Rotterdam that stick together and help each other out, because there is strength in numbers and it increases their chances of survival. He isn’t part of any of these groups he only finds food by what he scavenges out of garbage cans. â€Å"In the streets of Rotterdam food was hard to come by, my only source of food came from what I could find in the garbage cans (Card 8)† But one day he goes up to poke and tells her he has a plan to help her survive. At first she pushes him away and threatens to kill him, but as she listens to his plan of recruiting a bully for protection she finds that she likes the idea. â€Å"You got to get your own bully (Card 18).† â€Å"If I get me a Bully, if what you said works, then maybe I feed you(Card 19).† So Bean makes the plan that they need to jump one of the bullies that are still strong and dominant but can still be taken down and controlled. So they decide that Achilles is perfect for the job. â€Å"If he doesn’t comply then we kill him (Card 19)† When Achilles walks down a alley way all of the kids jump on him and pound him with rocks until he is only holding to life by a thread. They tell him they will let him live if he joins their family and protects them. â€Å"You get us to the front of the line at the Kitchen(Card 20)?† â€Å"Sure, Right, I will, I promise(Card 20).† â€Å"Don’t believe him, Kill Him(Card 20)!† â€Å"Don’t be stupid, said Poke, He’s in(Card 20).† â€Å"If you don’t kill him now he is going to kill you.(Card 20).† Achilles gets them into the Kitchen like he promised and he slowly starts to take over Pokes position as leader. Soon enough he has all of the kids calling him â€Å"papa.† â€Å"It’s your crew not mine, This is more of a Crew to me this is my Family(Card 23).† â€Å"Bean saw at once Achilles had won. Powerful bully, and he had called these kids his sisters, his brothers. Bean could see the hunger, the deep hunger, for family, for love, for belonging. They got a little of that by being in Poke’s crew. But Achilles was promising more. He had just beaten Poke’s best offer. Now it was too late to kill him(Card 23).† When Achilles takes his family to the kitchen Helga lets them go right to the front of the line, but before they get there Achilles stabs one of the other bullys with a knife to let everyone know he means business. Later that night Bean hears some of the Bullys saying they are going to kill Achilles for cutting in line. That same night Bean meets Sister Carlotta, a nun, and she tells him she can get him out of there. The next day when Bean tells Achilles what he had heard he doesn’t seem worried, then later Sister Carlotta has him take a few more tests and Bean passes with flying colors. Later that night Bean sees Poke slip away, follows her and sees her meet up with Achilles and sees them kiss! He starts to head back to the family then turns back for a moment, and sees Poke with a knife in her eye and Achilles nowhere to be seen. â€Å"I trusted him, I knew what he was from the first and I trusted him(Card 47).† â€Å"Aww Poke you poor, stupid, kind, decent girl, you saved me and I let you down(Card 47).† Sister Carlotta begins talking to the Advisors of Battle School, at first they say they want Achilles, but after learning he committed a murder they decide they don’t. When she tells them about Bean they say they might want to wait a few more years before they take him in. Bean begins having dreams about his past, he tells Sister Carlotta about them. He says he remembers living in a clean place and remembers a man would come in and clean at night and Bean would get scared when he heard him so he would hide in a toilet bowl. Then he remembers the cleaning man taking him to his house. She attempts to find the janitor that saved Bean in attempt to recover answers about his past. When she finds the janitor she brings a cop with her for questioning. They discover that Bean was raised in an Organ Farm, but the people behind the Organ Farm are untraceable. The Commanders decide that they are going to bring Bean to Battle School despite their doubts. When Bean first gets on the shuttle a man comes out and introduces himself as Dimak and immediately starts quizzing them. He calls out Bean and though he was smaller he made sure all of the other kids on the shuttle knew that Bean was smarter than them. When Bean first arrives at Battle school he starts exploring. He finds the older kids classrooms, but before he can go anywhere else, a girl named Petra Arkanian leads him back to the Game Room. The game room is a room filled with games. While in the game room Bean notices some air vents that with his size, he could crawl into, and so he does. He can travel from place to place by the air vents. The Commanders notice that Bean took a long time to get back to the barracks, due to the tracking devices that they have in the suits but they don’t give it much thought. Next they let the launchies (or new kids) set up their computers in their rooms, Bean sets up two, and they say that on their free time they can play this fantasy game on the computers. Bean know that if he plays this game it will allow the Advisors to know more and more about him but he doesn’t care. Then he meets Bonzo Madrid a enemy of Ender and he tells Bean all of Enders weaknesses but Bean doesn’t care about his weaknesses he just wants to know more about Ender. Bean creates a secret folder on his fake computer and put a lot of files and maps of Battle School on there. Then later the advisors see that there are one too many users and they tell everyone to change their passwords because someone is signing in as someone else. Meanwhile the advisors are fearing that Bean will plan a revolt, and contemplate sending him home but they don’t. Meanwhile back on earth Sister Carlotta has met with an old Russian Scientist named Anton. Anton learned too much about something that he shouldn’t know, so authorities placed a device in his head that restricted him telling other people about the things he discovered. But, when he and Sister Carlotta talk, they use references to code their talk so the implant wouldn’t give him a panic attack and end their conversation. Unfortunately, the guards eventually figured their code out and gave Anton a panic attack. Sister Carlotta did learn that Bean was genetically altered to be super smart. The downside to this, though, was that he would have a short life and die in his twenties. The next day Bean leaves lunch extremely early to go in search of an air vent in his room, he finds one and that night he crawls in it and finds Colnel Graff talking to sister Carlotta saying that she found Beans father Dr. Volescu and he took some of his own genes and put in other Genes to make his children super smart and really small, but would grow to be giants by age 20, but would o nly live to be about 25. Then when Bean comes back he sees an advisor logging on to his computer he memorizes the advisors password and with this he now has access to a lot more information. With this new knowledge he writes many papers about the corruption of Battle School and other things. The Advisors find that Bean has logged on to an advisors account and discover that he writes as if he is an English professor, but instead of change the password they see what he does with the newly discovered information. Then they ask Bean to write a roster for the Dragon Army, this army has never won a match, Bean writes the roster and gives it to Dimak and immediately every person Bean requests is transferred into the Dragon Army, and Bean is the Commander. The next week sister Carlotta is requesting that they run tests on Bean to see if he really is Dr. Volescu’s son. They find out that he isn’t Beans dad but his Uncle. And sister Carlotta gets word they are bringing up Achilles, Sister Carlotta is 100% against this. This week is also the first week of Practice, Bean is the best one in the army, and asks Ender for his own Toon, Ender says he has to prove his worth first then he will get his Toon. â€Å"If your fair I will have my own Toon in a month(Card 223).† Ender puts in a formation that can allow the team to break apart and scatter at any time. One of the members disagrees with the formation, Bean yells at him, then the kid pushes Bean up against the bunk, only to be saved by Nikolai. Sister Carlotta finds out that there were 24 other cloned eggs, but 23 of them are missing, but the other one is in battle school and discovers it is Nikolai, and that Bean and Nikolai are twins, the only difference is that Bean is much more intelligent. Bean and the Dragon Army soon get their first battle, they win, and they start having battle after battle, day after day. Ender says that they can’t fight like this anymore because his crew is getting worn out. Then later Bonzo meets Bean in the hall and asks how to beat Ender, when Bean won’t tell him, he chokes him up against the wall and threatens to kill Bean and Ender both. The next day The Dragon Army has 2 battles in one day. Except on the second battle the team is allowed a 20 second head start. Dragon army wins but barely. That night Ender tells Bean all of his worries and problems and gives Bean his own Toon. Ender gets a few kids together and forms his Toon, he finds some chord that is used to hold up pillars. They discover that they could use it in battle, and it could allow them to change direction quickly. Then later when Ender is in the bathroom Bonzo and his friends come into the bathroom and gang up on Ender. Ender kicks Bonzo in the crotch and gets him on the ground and hurts him so bad he accidently kills him. The next day dispite Enders fight they have a Battle, except it is against 2 teams at once. Ender uses Beans special Toon and their chord, they defeat the two teams, then after the battle all of the Toon leader are made into commanders, when Bean goes to tell Ender this he finds that Ender has been promoted to Commander School. As Beans first action as commander he gives a speech in the mess hall, then he discovers that Achilles has been placed into his Army, he lays down the ground rules and makes sure he knows he is the boss, and treats him as any other launchy. That night Bean gets Achilles to crawl with him into the vent, Achilles trys to kill him, then all of the members of Beans team tie him to the fan, and tell him he can either confess all of his murders or they will hang him. He confesses them, then they hang him anyways. After this Bean is sent to command school, with nine other kids. Bean and other kids start training on simulators as if they are commanding a quadrant and fighting against Buggers. The command to the ships are instantaneous and soon Bean discovers that they aren’t playing a simulation at all they are sending messages across galaxies and commanding real fleets. During the simulation, Petra falls asleep, and her fleet is blown to pieces, another kid loses his mind. The fleets are falling apart. But the day of the final battle, the Bugger forces are all grouped around the Bugger planet; Ender sends in all the ships and destroys the Bugger planet, and the Buggers. And they win the war. â€Å"As the planet exploded it engulfed all of the Buggers, the Buggers were all dead, they had won(Card 465).† Bean goes home with his brother Nikolai and they see there long lost mom. And they are a big happy family again. As for Ender he goes and lives and attempts to repopulate the Bugger Planet.

Management Study Guide

1. We have covered a lot of material over the past two months. The final examination will consist of 10 short answer questions and 2 case study questions. The 10 short answer questions are similar in structure to short answer questions provided in the quizzes. Ensure you thoroughly read the case study provided with your final before answering the two case study questions. The exam counts towards 30% of your final grade and one cannot pass the course without completing the proctored exam.The examination is a closed resource examination; consequently, no books or notes will be allowed. You will have two hours to complete the examination. The final examination is comprehensive. It includes material in Chapters 1 – 20. 2. By providing this review, I hope to channel your preparation and study for the final examination to key areas concerning principles of management, but remember you are responsible for all the information covered since the beginning of class.One should ensure a co mprehensive knowledge of the Core Learning Objectives, delineated in each Weeks Overview, Objectives and Weekly Activities, sub section â€Å"The Objectives† and denoted by a light blue box with a black key in it. Key areas include the following: Know and briefly describe the five basic management functions. Planning – deciding what objectives to pursue during a future period and what to do to achieve those objectives.Organizing – grouping activities, assigning activities, and providing the authority necessary to carry out the activities Staffing – determining human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training, and developing human resources Leading – directing and channeling human behavior toward the accomplishment of objectives Controlling – measuring performance against objectives, determining causes of deviations, and taking corrective action where necessary Define â€Å"management† and explain the managerial significance of â€Å"effectiveness† and â€Å"efficiency†.Management is a form of work that involves coordinating an organization’s resources – land, labor, and capital – to accomplish organizational objectives. Also known as getting things done through people List five methods that can used to train or develop employees. OJT – a rainee is shown how to perform the job and allowed to do it under the trainer’s supervision Job Rotation – also called cross-training, employee learns several different jobs within a work unit or department and performs each job for a specific period Vestibule – procedures and equipment similar to those used in the actual job are set up in a special working area called a vestibule.Classroom – most familiar method of training, methods are lecture, discussion, audiovisual methods, experiential methods, and computer based training. Computer-assisted – allows the employee to absorb information from a preset computer program and advance their knowledge in a self-paced format Understand and briefly describe effective management communication skills. Managers must give direction to the people who work for them – employees often perform their jobs poorly b/c they do not understand what is expected of them.Managers must be able to motivate people – ability to communicate to get employees excited about their jobs Managers must be able to convince customers that they should do business with them Managers must be able to absorb the ideas of others – must be able to understand and accept other people’s viewpoints Managers must be able to persuade other people – Describe four social responsibilities.Philanthropy and volunteerism – efforts to improved human welfare, time and money to charitable, cultural, and civic organizations Environmental Awareness – limiting the damage their operations cause to the environment Sensitivity to Diversity – Maintain an ethnically diverse workforce Quality of Work Life – Adopting policies that contribute to the quality of life for their employees, such as flex hours, on-site daycares, etc Describe and recognize legal and ethical responsibilities.Legal responsibility – responsibility of a business to comply with federal and state regulations that affect business operations Ethical responsibility – responsibility of a business to comply with its own set code of ethics along with ethical business laws Recognize when TQM would benefit an organization. Total Quality Management – management philosophy that emphasizes ‘managing the entire organization so that it excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer’ List three methods for training and developing managers.What are organizing work and structure? Organizing work – process of division of labor accompanied by an appropriate delegation of author ity; benefits of organizing work – establishes lines of authority, improves efficiency and the quality of work through synergism, improves communication Organizing structure – is the framework that defines the boundaries of the formal organization and within which the organization operates; Strategy, size, environment, organization and technology are factors that affect the organizing structure Recognize when MBO would benefit an organization.Management by Objectives (MBO) – philosophy based on converting organizational objectives into personal objectives; MBO works best when the objectives of each organizational unit are derived from the objectives of the next higher unit in the organization; it assumes that establishing personal objectives elicits employee commitment, which leads to improved performance Articulate and explain change and culture. Change – bringing about something different than the previous way or situation.In organizations, usually refe rs to technological, environmental or internal changes Culture – set of important understandings (often unstated) that members of a community share; ‘the way we do things around here’ Distinguish between mechanistic and organic organizations. Mechanistic – organizational systems characterized by rigid delineation of functional duties, precise job descriptions, fixed authority and responsibility, and a well developed organizational hierarchy through which information filters up and instructions flow down Organic – organizational systems characterized by less formal job descriptions, greater emphasis on daptability, more participation, and less fixed authority Assess and describe the importance of staffing. Employees are the most valuable asset to an organization. The goal of staffing is to obtain the best available people for the organization and to develop the skills and abilities of those people. Recognize the Herzberg two factor theory to employee motivation Herzberg’s 2 factor theory, aka motivation-maintenance or motivation-hygiene, is based off the idea that hygiene or maintenance factors, such as supervision, money, status, do not produce motivation but can prevent motivation from occurring.However motivator factors, such as achievement, recognition, advancement, provides true motivation. Discuss the international business environment in terms of management awareness, global competition, and strategic planning International trade consists of the exchange of goods and services by different countries. Compare and contrast the following three; basic planning, operations management, and strategic management.Planning – process of deciding what objectives to pursue during a future time period and what to do to achieve those objectives Operations management – short range planning done primarily by middle to lower level managers, it concentrates on the formulation of the functional plans Strategic management – analogous to top-level, long range planning; covers a relatively long period; affects many parts of the organization Define conflict and stress. What are some ways it can it be reduced?Conflict – overt behavior that results when an person or group thinks a perceived need of the person or group has been blocked or is about to be blocked Stress – mental or physical condition that results from a perceived threat of danger (physical or emotional) and the pressure to remove it Ways to reduce conflict/stress: Communication, shortening hours of direct contact with customers, special leaves (sabbatical), on-site exercise facilities, clearly defining employee jobs, flextime or telecommuting, early retirement programs, introducing changes gradually Assess and describe work teams.Formal work team – established and formally recognized by management, established to carry out specific tasks Informal work team – established by personal contacts and interaction s among people and isn’t formally recognized by management Quality circle – composed of a group of employees, usually 5-15 people, who are members of a single work unit, section or department. The basic purpose of a quality circle is to discuss quality problems and generate ideas that might help improve quality.Self-Directed – members are empowered to control the work they do without a formal supervisor Virtual work team – teams that use mainly technology-supported communication, with team members working and living in different locations Recognize when TQM would benefit an organization. Total Quality Management – management philosophy that emphasizes ‘managing the entire organization so that it excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer’Recognize and understand the implications of job enrichment, enlargement and rotation. Job enrichment – upgrading of the job by adding motivator factors Job enlargement – giving an employee more of a similar type of operation to perform Job rotation – a trainee goes from 1 job to another within the organization, generally remaining at each job from 6 – 12 months Each of these processes are used in attempt to solve motivational problems with employees Describe quality circle and recognize when there implementation may help an organization.Quality circle – composed of a group of employees, usually 5-15 people, who are members of a single work unit, section or department. The basic purpose of a quality circle is to discuss quality problems and generate ideas that might help improve quality. Benefits include increasing employee participation, encourage communication and trust among members and managers, inexpensive way to provide training, and solves problems Define, explain, and provide an example of operations control. Operations management – is the management of the production function in any organ ization;Describe the difference between leadership and management. Effective leadership in organizations creates a vision of the future that considers the legitimate long-term interests of the parties involved in the organization, develops a strategy for moving toward that vision, enlists the support of employees to produce the movement, and motivates employees to implement the strategy. Management is a process of planning, organizing staffing, motivating and controlling through the use of formal authority.Leadership is the ability to influence people to willingly follow one’s guidance or adhere to one’s decisions Management is a form of work that involves coordinating an organization’s resources – land, labor, and capital – to accomplish organizational objectives. Define the concept of synergy and how it relates to management of organizations. Organization improves the efficiency and quality of work through synergism. For example, synergism result s when three people working together produce more than three people working separately.Synergism can result from division of labor or from increased coordination, both of which are products of good organization. Synergy – occurs when individuals or groups work together to produce a whole greater than the sum of the parts. Evaluate and describe four characteristics common to all organizations. Group of people, working together, in some concerted or coordinated effort to, obtain objectives Describe at least three approaches or theories to motivate employees.Scientific management approach – based on the assumption that money is the primary motivation of people; if the monetary award is great enough, employees will work harder and produce more Equity approach – is based on the idea that people wanted to be treated fairly in relationship to others Reinforcement approach – is based on the idea that behavior that appears to lead to a positive consequence tends t o be repeated, whereas behavior that appears to lead to a negative consequence tends not to be repeated Recognize when â€Å"flattening an organization† may be appropriate Flatter organizations have fewer levels and larger spans of management at each level. Sometimes when forced to downsize, flattening an organization is resulted.

Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Essays - Economic Ideologies

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle Essays - Economic Ideologies Upton Sinclair's The Jungle The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. Jurgis learns soon after transplanting his family that he alone cannot earn enough to support his entire family, in spite of the intensity of his valiant efforts to work harder. Soon his wife and the rest of his family are working as well, all attempting to chip in to cover family expenses. However, such exposure proves itself to be too dangerous and detrimental to the Rudkuses. Jurgis becomes hardened by his negative experiences as he realizes that, in a capitalist society like the one he was living in, there is no justice. Hard work is not justly rewarded, and often times corruption is rewarded in its place. Through and through, he sees that capitalist life is not fair. Soon he is injured on the job and is forced to stay home and out of work while his mangled foot heals. Jurgis is sidelined from work for two months, and upon his return he finds himself replaced by another worker. Desperate for a job, he takes a dreaded position at the glue factory. Hi wife is pregnant, his family is working themselves to the breaking point, and the bills are getting the best of them. Jurgis turns to drinking. Things get worse. He learns that his wife has been forced to have sex with her boss. Jurgis, in a rage, attacks the man at the Packing house and is arrested for battery. He spends a month in jail, at which time he meets Jack Duane, a character who introduces him to the easy life: a life of crime. Within a month of the time Jurgis gets out of jail, everyone has lost their jobs and the house they struggled so hard to keep is lost. Soon Ona is having a child, and because of the lack of funds to pay for proper care for her, both she and the child die in labor. His son drowns, many family members have died and the remainder are scattered with no semblance of the family they once were. Jurgis takes to the country to become a tramp, but as winter approaches he knows he must return to the city - to the jungle - once again. Jurgis becomes a beggar and a vagrant. After receiving $100 dollars from Freddie Jones, the son of rich Old Man Jones, he goes into a bar to get change and gets into another altercation, this time with the bartender, and is again arrested. Soon he turns to Jack Duane to enter the life of crime he had foreshadowed. Isolated from any remainders of his family, he begins to live the easy life of shortcuts and crooked paths. However, another chance encounter with Connor, his wife's boss and seducer, brings out his true self again, the man who stands up for his moral convictions, even when it harms him to do so. After beating the man again, he is arrested and jumps bail. By pure luck he wanders into a socialist meeting while looking for food and/or a place to sleep. There his life begins a change in earnest. He learns at that meeting what the working class can do to make a difference. Soon after he reunites with his daughter, Marjia, a drug-addicted prostitue struggling to support the family's remains. The story closes with a happy socialist ending: Jurgis gets a job at a hotel run by socialists and seals his fate. He goes on to become an avid socialist and he, the fighter, and Marjia, the victim, pick up the pieces of their lives to make everything better. I feel that this book is a ridiculously oversimplified look at socialism and a very sinister look at capitalism. While I applaud Sinclair's efforts to illustrate the injustices of capitalism,

Bob Jones Essays - Lacey, 9, Professional Wrestling, Music Industry

Bob Jones Miss Hanson English, Period 2 March 29, 1999 The White Flag It was a usual summer day, as I woke up and ran to the bathroom. Then I went downstairs and grabbed a bowl of cereal and the remote control. I ate my peaches n' cream oatmeal while watching my favorite television show, Rainbow Brite. Wow! She had to be the bravest girl ever, and she was my childhood hero. Ding-dong, the door bell rang. As I ran to get the door I suddenly felt myself falling down on my face. As I face planted it , I saw the cause. My older brother, Jason, had left his dumb shoes out again! Climbing up, regaining my balance the door rang again, and I yelled, "I'm coming!" I opened the door and saw my best friend, Lacey. " Hey Brooke, can you play?" "Yeah, I have to change my clothes first though." So we went upstairs and met Jason and his friend, Scott, Lacey's older brother, at the top of the stairs. We brushed past them and went into my bedroom. I was just opening up my underwear drawer, when the boys burst in. Jason grabbed some of my underwear, revealing to Scott that I wore Rainbow Brite and My Little Pony underwear. I was absolutely mortified at the sight of two boys seeing my underwear and laughing at them. I jumped up, snatched my underwear and shoved the boys out while yelling, " Get out, get out you jerks!," and slammed shut the door. "How could he do that!" raged Lacey. "Yeah, how dare they do such a thing!" I exclaimed back at Lacey. Mean while, while Lacey was rambling on about the boys I was thinking revenge! "I know, I said, what's better than getting mad is getting even, and I'm going to give him a taste of his own medicine!" "But how?" Lacey questioned. "Just follow me." I said excitingly. I lead the way to my plan. We marched into Jason's bedroom, and headed straight toward the underwear drawer. We got out every pair. "Holy Cow! He wears whitey-tighties?" questioned Lacey. "Yeah, that's not the worst of it! They are huge and even have a hole in all of them!" I said. (Now at this point you have to understand that at seven years old we didn't quite know about these sort of things.) "Start tying them together!" I ordered. We tied together every pair of those white pieces of cloth, and had a long strand. We dragged it over to his open window and lunged it out, just as the neighborhood babe, Kristen Redford, was walking by and saw the whole thing. She ran off laughing hysterically. Oh, Jason was so in-love with her, and this was working out too perfect. Yep, I knew it! A very out-raged, Jason, red-faced with both embarrassment and anger stormed in, grabbed and tackled me, and beat the living tar out of me. Oh but is sure was worth every bruise and cut!

Triage protocol Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Triage protocol - Dissertation Example The protocol is defined in such a manner that its implementation depends on the definition of the treatment to be offered; this is because it contains both inclusion and exclusion criteria, which appropriately informs the triage nurses about the exact time to request X-Rays to avoid subjecting patients to excessive radiation. Constant review of the protocol will be conducted quarterly to ensure its appropriateness. 2. Outline the rationale for selecting the change The triage protocol suggested for implementation will help provide rapid health care services for patients in critical conditions within the emergency rooms in hospitals. Request of X-rays by triage nurses through the protocol reduces the waiting time by about 18 minutes, which leads to satisfaction of both the patients and the hospital staff (Crinson, 1999). This process entails the involvement of triage nurses, who must possess the ability to make quick decisions. In addition, triage nurses must have a high level of liste ning and communication skills and extensive knowledge of warning signs and symptoms. It is important to note that these field nurses must have vast experience in emergency medicine to be able to become triage nurses (Ward, 1999). According to the Department of Health (1997), triage is critically important since it is the foremost assessment in patient care. The surest way to save resources is to identify and separate the critically injured from the patients with less severe conditions. The new triage protocol is ready for implementation to ensure that patients’ safety is taken care of and that patients are identified accurately (Davies, 1994b). 3. Discuss the organisational impact you hope the change will have and the expected outcome(s) According to the Department of Health (1997), the new triage protocol has diverse impacts in terms of how hospitals operate. The protocol is expected to bring quality in health care provision through effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare delivery. The program will also boost the employee welfare in terms of the learning and education of the nurses. Triage is, therefore, very important in hospitals, most so in emergency departments worldwide, as it helps prevent overcrowding. Therefore, it improves emergency care through prioritization during clinical emergencies. Despite resource consumption variations in patients, triage nurses are urged through ESI resource and through prediction thinking to solve the presented emergencies (Cutts, 1999). It is also in addition that resources in emergency departments consume general resources. For instance, a provider seeing a very old patient with an in dwelling urinary catheter and complaints of fever and cough will call for blood order and urine test with chest X-Ray. The triage nurse can, therefore, accurately predict the patients’ needs for two or more resources and thus be able to classify the patient as ESI level 3 through triage protocol. According to the Department of Health (2000), the outcomes of this change will be the ability for the future advancement of the same protocol; it will also ensure that there is ease in distinguishing between the responder and the